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GPS > Bias
The following information is about Bias.
Bias Defined
All GPS measurements are affected by biases and errors. Their combined magnitudes will affect the accuracy of the positioning results (they will bias the position or baseline solution). Biases may be defined as being those systematic errors that cause the true measurements to be different from observed measurements by a "constant, predictable or systematic amount", such as, for example, all distances being measured too short, or too long. Biases must somehow be accounted for in the measurement model used for data processing if high accuracy is sought. There are several sources of biases with varying characteristics, such as magnitude, periodicity, satellite or receiver dependency, etc. Biases may have physical bases, such as the atmosphere effects on signal propagation or ambiguities in the carrier phase measurements, but may also enter at the data processing stage through imperfect knowledge of constants, for example any "fixed" parameters such as the satellite ephemeris information, station coordinates, velocity of light, antenna height errors, etc. Random errors will not bias a solution. However, outlier measurements, or measurements significantly affected by multipath disturbance (which may be considered a transient, unmodelled bias), will bias a solution if the proportion of affected measurements is relatively high compared to the number of unaffected measurements. For this reason, long period static GPS Surveying is more accurate (less likely to be biased) than "rapid static surveying" or kinematic (single-epoch) positioning.
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Off-site Bias Links, User Submitted
The following links have been collected through user bookmark submission in the Bias category. Please note, because these resources are off-site we cannot guarantee the accuracy or quality of any information.
Fri Jul 3
- Monetizing the Washington Dinner Party: The Washington Post's boneheaded?and aborted?plan to lobby for lobbyists.
- GayPatriot » Obama & Palin: Blank Slates on Which ?Journalists? Project Their Biases
- Top 10 Thinking Traps Exposed ? How to Foolproof Your Mind, Part I
- BPS RESEARCH DIGEST: It's called sfdkshfsk ... Stand back!
- London Stock Exchange to abandon failed Windows platform - Computerworld Blogs
- intershame.com - on Fox News: A list of every time Fox News has labeled a shamed or guilty Republican politician as being a Democrat.
- 'Obama's speech to Muslim world distorted the historical legitimacy of Israel as the State of Jews' by Martin Peretz in The New Republic: What is most brazen or, at best, bizarre in Obama's historical recitation is the stark omission of the whole Zionist enterprise. Instead, he chose to understand the Jewish presence in Palestine as a sort of restitution for the Holocaust. He distorted what actually happened. First off was to diminish the determination of the Jewish people through the ages to reclaim their homeland, to bring its very earth out of desolation and restore its dispersed sons and daughters to Zion--all this not as a reparation, but as a right. By the time World War II--before the Holocaust, that is--began, there were already more than 500,000 Jews in Palestine. Most of them had arrived as their palpable reply to the 1917 Balfour Declaration, to the approval by the League of Nations of a British mandate for a Jewish homeland in Palestine in 1922, to the recommendation s of the Peel Commission for a two-state settlement. Obama omitted this because it might muddle the clarity of the equal-claim argument.
- A 'coup' in Honduras? Nonsense. | csmonitor.com
- US treads careful path on Honduras. US President Barack Obama has called the removal of Honduran president Manuel Zelaya on Sunday a "coup".: So while Washington 9;s reaction has been strong and swift, when it comes to statements, its actions have so far been measured. This is a signal that Washington is not keen to use its clout to help Mr Zelaya return to power, shying away from any action that could be seen as interventionis m in a region where the US has a long, complex history. The reaction is also in line with the promise President Obama made to Latin America at the Organization of American States summit in April, not to dictate US policy on the continent anymore but to be an equal partner.
- Covering (up) the coup in Honduras - the BBC does its bit for the Empire. The devil lives in the small print, the devil in this case being the BBC in its coverage of the coup d?etat that ousted Zelaya on 27 June, 2009.: The following para from a BBC piece titled ?US treads careful path on Honduras? ?So while Washington 9;s reaction has been strong and swift, when it comes to statements, its actions have so far been measured. Why the BBC chose the word ?measured? to describe the US? response to the military coup d?etat? This para explains, ?This is a signal that Washington is not keen to use its clout to help Zelaya return to power, shying away from any action that could be seen as interventionis m in a region where the US has a long, complex history.? ?measured? is not a word that describes the US response Obama simply stated that the Honduras coup is ?not legal?. And note that the US interventions, both direct military and covert over the years US support for the Contras, Salvador Allende, Chavez in 2002, are described by BBC as ?long complex, which is the BBC?s standard method of covering up the crimes of Empire. In a related BBC piece with the title of ?'Mistime d coup' in Honduras??
If you would like to find additional social bookmark based links on the topic of we recommend the Open Tag Directory > Bias. If you would like to find related tags we recommend Tag Patterns > Bias
Off-site Bias Research Links
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